Machine Learning for Physical Systems · Lecture 4

Where to test next?

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A Gaussian process predicts with a band that is narrow where we tested. Use the band to choose the next test.

    Strength against water / cement, the four tested mixes and the band of the prediction

    Spread of the prediction (standard deviation) [MPa]

    The spread of the prediction along the line
    Four real mixes, tested after 28 days. First guess 40 ± 15 MPa, length scale 0.25, test scatter 1 MPa. Tests can go from 0.30 to 1.80.
    1. Tap the plot to plan five tests.
    2. Make the largest spread as small as you can.
    3. Let the model plan: where does it test first?
    Planned tests
    Largest spread now

    With the settings fixed, the spread depends only on where you test, not on the results.

    More options

    Tables and notes for all three steps.

    Table: the model's plan, test by test
    TestWater / cementLargest spread before it [MPa]
    Table: the four tested mixes
    Cement [kg/m³]Water [kg/m³]Water / cementStrength after 28 days [MPa]
    Table: the boreholes
    BoreholePosition [m]Grade [g/t]Drilled by
    Table: every rule with five boreholes
    RuleNew boreholes [m], in orderBest [g/t]

    Concrete data: I-C. Yeh (1998), Cement and Concrete Research 28, 1797–1808; 1030 concrete mixes from several laboratories (UCI Machine Learning Repository). The four tested mixes are real mixes of this data set, tested after 28 days; Abrams' law is fitted to all 425 mixes tested after 28 days. The gold line is made up for this demo, as in the lecture notes.

    How it is computed